Integrated Digital Enhanced Network

Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (iDEN) is a adaptable telecommunications technology, developed by Motorola, which provides its users the allowances of a trunked radio and a cellular telephone. iDEN places added users in a accustomed ashen space, compared to analog cellular and two-way radio systems, by application accent compression and time analysis assorted admission (TDMA).

History

The iDEN activity originally began as MIRS (Motorola Integrated Radio System)in the aboriginal 1991. The activity was a software lab agreement focused on the appliance of discontiguous spectrum for GSM wireless. GSM systems about crave 24 abutting articulation channels, but the aboriginal MIRS software belvedere dynamically called burst channels in the radio abundance spectrum in such a way that a GSM telecom about-face could arise a buzz alarm the aforementioned as it would in the abutting approach scenario. The aboriginal MIRS System was renamed IDEN by Roger Wood, a adolescent artefact business administrator arch the branding accomplishment who aswell gave the handsets their characteristic "chirp" and automated design.

Operating frequencies

iDEN is advised and accountant to accomplish on alone frequencies that may not be contiguous. iDEN operates on 25 kHz channels, but alone occupies 20 kHz in adjustment to accommodate arrest aegis via bouncer bands. By comparison, TDMA Cellular (Digital AMPS) is accountant in blocks of 30 kHz channels, but anniversary discharge occupies 40 kHz, and is able of confined the aforementioned amount of subscribers per approach as iDEN. iDEN uses frequency-division duplexing to address and accept signals separately, with address and accept bands afar by 39 MHz, 45 MHz, or 48 MHz depending on the abundance bandage getting used.1

iDEN supports either three or six interconnect users (phone users) per channel, and six celerity users (push-to-talk users) per channel, application time analysis assorted access. The address and accept time slots assigned to anniversary user are advisedly account in time so that a individual user never needs to address and accept at the aforementioned time. This eliminates the charge for a duplexer at the adaptable end, back time-division duplexing of RF area acceptance can be performed.

Hardware

The aboriginal bartering iDEN handset was Motorola's L3000, which was appear in 1994citation needed. Most avant-garde iDEN handsets use SIM cards, agnate to, but adverse with GSM handsets' SIM cards. Early iDEN models such as the i1000plus stored all subscriber advice central the handset itself, acute the abstracts to be downloaded and transferred should the subscriber wish to about-face handsets. Newer handsets application SIM technology accomplish advance or alteration handsets as simple as swapping the SIM card. Four altered sized SIM cards exist, "Endeavor" SIMs are acclimated alone with the i2000 after data, "Condor" SIMs are acclimated with the two-digit models (i95cl, for example) application a SIM with beneath anamnesis than the three-digit models (i730, i860), "Falcon" SIMs are acclimated in the three-digit phones, (i530, i710) and will apprehend the abate SIM for astern compatibility, but some avant-garde appearance such as added acquaintance advice is not accurate by the earlier SIM cardscitation needed. There is aswell the "Falcon 128" SIM, which is the aforementioned as the aboriginal "Falcon", but angled in anamnesis size, which is acclimated on new 3 chiffre phones (i560, i930)citation needed.

The interconnect-side of the iDEN arrangement uses GSM signalling for alarm start-up and advancement management, with the Abis agreement assemblage adapted to abutment iDEN's added features. Motorola has called this adapted assemblage 'Mobis'citation needed.

Each abject website requires absolute timing and area advice to accord abstracts beyond the network. To access and advance this advice anniversary EBTS uses GPS satellites to accept a absolute timing referencecitation needed.

Operators

In the United States of America there are two ample accessible iDEN account providers: Sprint Nextel and SouthernLINC Wireless, and several baby accessible and clandestine iDEN account providers. Numerous clandestine systems exist, including one run by ARINC, accoutrement all above airports. Countries which accept operating iDEN networks cover Canada, Argentina, Peru, Mexico, Brazil, Jordan, Chile, Israel, Philippines, Singapore, Saudi Arabia, Japan, El Salvador, China and a lot of afresh India and Guatemala. Abounding Adrift is accessible amid Sprint/Nextel in the US, Telus (Canada), and NII (Mexico and S. American markets) Data/Voice/Radio. For markets not controlled by NII Holdings, Inc., the adrift is for articulation telephony onlycitation needed.

Motorola is committed to abutment of iDEN technology admitting the Sprint buyout of Nextel and Sprint/Nextel's declared closing about-face to Sprint's CDMA system. Nextel has declared they will abutment iDEN until at atomic 2010 and Sprint has afresh appear new iDEN handsets and maintained their iDEN backing with the acquirement of the Sprint CDMA associate network, iPCS, for $426 million, which Sprint was again affianced in lawsuits with over non-compete acceding violations stemming from the 2005 acquirement of Nextel and the after acquirement of Nextel Partners. Other iDEN carriers accept no accountable cessation date for their servicescitation needed. The acceleration of iDEN's push-to-talk (a.k.a dispatch) affection charcoal the fastest in the industry as compared to Sprint Qchat Qualcomm PTT over EVDO Rev. A and Verizon PTT requiring at atomic 1XRTT data in the UScitation needed.

There is a abate subset of the iDEN arrangement alleged "Harmony Wireless Communications System". With Baby Arrangement Absolution 7.0, it supports a best website calculation of 160 or 576 alone cells. Harmony has the adeptness to interface with a abounding iDEN system, and has the adeptness to abutment interconnect, dispatch, and packet data. SSR7.1 is the latest Harmony releaseoriginal research?.